Dietary Recommendations for UC
A common question asked by patients is whether they need to change their diet after being diagnosed with UC. As discussed in previous blogs, there is no evidence that specific foods contribute to inflammation in IBD. While there is not a "colitis diet" that individuals need to adhere to, certain foods or their components may produce symptoms of loose stools or gas. Some general considerations regarding diet for UC patients:
1) Eating smaller more frequent meals may help alleviate cramping and gas associated with larger meals.
2) Dietary fiber intake may have differential effects depending on the segment of the colon involved with colitis. Some patients with colitis limited to the rectosigmoid region find that fiber helps to bulk stool and aid with passage of bowel movements. Others with more extensive colitis, may develop discomfort with higher amounts of fiber as these products pass through inflamed segments.
3) It is possible to have lactose intolerance in addition to UC. Lactose intolerance is caused by gradual loss over time of the enzyme that digests lactose in dairy products. Symptoms of gas, bloating, and or/diarrhea after dairy products could suggest a diagnosis of lactose intolerance. Simple elimination of these foods from the diet or ingestion of a tablet containing a lactase enzyme usually results in symptom improvement.
4) Eating a balanced diet is more important restricting specific foods.
5) Alcohol will not affect inflammation in the gut related to UC, but can result in flatulence and diarrhea. Alcohol can be consumed in moderation in IBD.
6) In general, consumption of a daily multivitamin is a good idea. Patients with a history of steroid use or osteopenia/osteoporosis should also take 1500mg of calcium daily and 400-800 IU of vitamin D daily. Take note that an excess of vitamins can result in toxicity. Consult your physician or pharmacist if you are unsure regarding the dosage of vitamins and minerals that should be taken daily.
7) While fish oil has a theoretical anti-inflammatory effect, research studies regarding fish oil in UC have shown only a mild improvement in symptoms if any. Although fish oil is not harmful, there is insufficient evidence that it produces any significant benefit in UC at this time.